Skip to content

SNK — before the Neo-Geo (Ikari Warriors, P.O.W.)

Before the Neo-Geo MVS (1990), SNK made a string of hits on dedicated hardware: Ikari Warriors (and its famous rotary joystick), Athena, P.O.W., Guerrilla War, Prehistoric Isle, Beast Busters… A Z80 then 68000 base.

PCB SNK (Psycho Soldier)

PCB SNK (Psycho Soldier) — photo by Archimëa, CC BY 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons).

Identification

Field Value
Manufacturer SNK
Years 1981-1989
CPU Zilog Z80 (×2/×3) then 68000
Quirk rotary joystick (Ikari, TNK III, Guerrilla War, SAR)
Settings DIP

The main boards

Hardware Games MAME driver
SNK (Z80) Vanguard, TNK III, Ikari Warriors, Athena, Guerrilla War, Bermuda Triangle, Psycho Soldier, Chopper I snk/snk.cpp, snk6502.cpp
SNK 68000 P.O.W., Prehistoric Isle in 1930, Street Smart, SAR, Beast Busters snk/snk68.cpp

The rotary joystick (LOOP) of Ikari Warriors — an 8-way stick that rotates to aim independently of movement — is SNK's signature of the era. Beast Busters (1989) is a 3-player light-gun game. Emulated in MAME (snk/*).

Notable games

Vanguard (1981), Ikari Warriors (1986), Athena, Psycho Soldier (1987), Guerrilla War, P.O.W. (1988), Prehistoric Isle (1989), Beast Busters (1989)…

Common faults

Symptom Likely cause Lead
Imprecise rotary joystick LOOP mechanism / optics Clean/repair the rotary stick
Corrupt sprites/planes customs / RAM RAM test, contacts
No/partial sound YM / sound Z80 Sound-stage diagnosis
Lost settings DIP Check the DIP bank
No image Power, CPU, harness Base diagnosis

Modernisation & mods

The common ground for every JAMMA board

Video, power, control panel and upscalers depend on the cabinet rather than the board: everything is centralised in Modernising a cabinet. To run the board outside a cabinet (at home, on a display): supergun.

  • Storage 🟡: the game lives in EPROM/mask ROM on the board. Changing or restoring a game means reprogramming the EPROMs (and, for a mask ROM, using a pinout adapter) → EPROM method.
  • Media preservation: replacing the original storage, multicarts, ODEs and modern options by family → PCB preservation hub.
  • Scan rate 📺: not yet measured. The matching MAME driver does not expose its screen parameters in a form our extractor can use — no value is guessed here. Check what your monitor accepts before connecting → tri-sync and upscalers.
  • FPGA / emulation: see the Emulation & FPGA section below.

Repair (technician)

  • SNK customs + dual/triple Z80 (then 68000): corrupt sprites/planes = RAM + buffers first, the custom next; a freeze = one CPU / its RAM → separate diagnosis.
  • Sound: YM + sound Z80 — diagnose the sound stage.
  • Capacitors: recap PSU + audio filtering. Oxidised 27xx EPROM sockets: turned-pin socket.
  • Edge contacts: clean (eraser + IPA).

Methods: PCB fault-finding · Recap · EPROM · Traces & vias

Expected clocks — measurement table ✅

Values extracted from the MAME sources for this platform. On a scope or frequency counter, a clock that is missing or off-value points straight at the crystal, the divider or the chip at fault — the fastest starting point on a dead board.

Component Expected clock Role
AY8910 2 MHz PSG
Z80 3.35 MHz · 3.36 MHz · 4 MHz sound CPU (usually)

How to read this table

Several values for one component = several board variants in this family (or several instances of the chip clocked differently). These frequencies are those of the clock signal at the component's input, not of its original crystal — on many boards the clock is divided down from a single master crystal.

Archived original schematics ✅

Manufacturer schematics for games in this family, archived locally. They give the clock tree, the address decoding and the breakdown of the video/sound/power stages — enough to trace a missing signal back to its source.

Scope

A schematic applies to the game and revision named: within a family the general breakdown carries over, but component references and custom chip pinouts do not transpose. Source: the Arcade Game Manuals collection (Internet Archive), manufacturer documents kept for preservation.

DIP settings ✅

23 games on this platform, settings extracted from the MAME sources (INPUT_PORTS_START blocks). The Position column gives the switch's physical reference on the board (SW2:!3,!4 = bank SW2, levers 3 and 4) — which is what lets you set it up without the paper manual. Games are sorted by MAME set name.

DIP settings — MAME set alphamis
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Allow Continue DIP1:1 No · 3 Times
Cabinet DIP1:2 Upright · Cocktail
Lives DIP1:3 3 · 5
Coin A DIP1:4,5 4C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C
Coin B DIP1:6,7 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 4C · 1C 6C
Difficulty DIP2:2,3 Easy · Normal · Hard · Hardest
Demo Sounds DIP2:4 Off · On
All Ships at Start (Cheat) DIP2:5 Off · On
Flip Screen DIP2:6 Off · On
Start Area DIP2:7,8 1 · 2 · 3 · 4
Bonus Life DIP2:1 50k 100k 100k+ · 50k 100k
DIP settings — MAME set aso
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Allow Continue DIP1:1 No · 3 Times
Cabinet DIP1:2 Upright · Cocktail
Lives DIP1:3 3 · 5
Coinage DIP1:4,5,6 4C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C · 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 4C · 1C 6C
Difficulty DIP2:2,3 Easy · Normal · Hard · Hardest
Demo Sounds DIP2:4 Off · On
All Ships at Start (Cheat) DIP2:5 Off · On
Flip Screen DIP2:6 Off · On
Start Area DIP2:7,8 1 · 2 · 3 · 4
Bonus Life DIP2:1,DIP1:7,8 50k 100k 100k+ · 60k 120k 120k+ · 100k 200k 200k+ · 50k 100k · 60k 120k · 100k 200k · None
DIP settings — MAME set athena
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Cabinet DIP1:2 Upright · Cocktail
Lives DIP1:4 3 · 5
Coin A DIP1:5,6 4C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C
Coin B DIP1:7,8 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 4C · 1C 6C
Difficulty DIP2:1,2 Easy · Normal · Hard · Hardest
Demo Sounds DIP2:3 Off · On
Freeze DIP2:4 Off · On
Energy DIP2:8 12 · 14
Bonus Life DIP1:3,DIP2:5,6 50k 100k 100k+ · 60k 120k 120k+ · 100k 200k 200k+ · 50k 100k · 60k 120k · 100k 200k · None
DIP settings — MAME set bermudaa
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Bonus Life DIP1:3,DIP2:5,6 25k 50k 50k+ · 35k 70k 70k+ · 50k 100k 100k+ · 25k 50k · 35k 70k · 50k 100k · None
DIP settings — MAME set bermudat
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Flip Screen DIP1:2 Off · On
Lives DIP1:4 3 · 5
Coin A DIP1:5,6 4C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C
Coin B DIP1:7,8 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 4C · 1C 6C
Difficulty DIP2:1,2 Easy · Normal · Hard · Hardest
Game Mode DIP2:3,4 Demo Sounds Off · Demo Sounds On · Freeze · Infinite Lives (Cheat)
Game Style DIP2:7,8 Normal without continue · Normal with continue · Time attack 3 minutes · Time attack 5 minutes
Bonus Life DIP1:3,DIP2:5,6 50k 100k 100k+ · 60k 120k 120k+ · 100k 200k 200k+ · 50k 100k · 60k 120k · 100k 200k · None
DIP settings — MAME set chopper
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Flip Screen DIP1:1 Off · On
Cabinet DIP1:2 Upright · Cocktail
Lives DIP1:4 3 · 5
Coin A DIP1:5,6 4C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C
Coin B DIP1:7,8 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 4C · 1C 6C
Difficulty DIP2:1,2 Easy · Normal · Hard · Hardest
Game Mode DIP2:3,4 Demo Sounds Off · Demo Sounds On · Freeze · Infinite Lives (Cheat)
Allow Continue DIP2:7 No · Yes
Invulnerability (Cheat) DIP2:8 Off · On
Bonus Life DIP1:3,DIP2:5,6 50k 100k 100k+ · 75k 150k 150k+ · 100k 200k 200k+ · 50k 100k · 75k 150k · 100k 200k · None
DIP settings — MAME set countryc
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Language DIP1:1 English · Japanese
Flip Screen DIP1:2 Off · On
Controls DIP1:3 Single · Dual
Coin A DIP1:5,6 4C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C
Coin B DIP1:7,8 1C 1C · 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 4C
Shot Time DIP2:1 Short (15 sec) · Long (20 sec)
Bonus Holes DIP2:2 More (Par 1,Birdie 2,Eagle 3) · Less (Par 0,Birdie 1,Eagle 2)
Game Mode DIP2:3,4 Demo Sounds Off · Demo Sounds On · Freeze · Infinite Holes (Cheat)
Play Holes DIP2:5,6 2 · 3 · 4 · 5
Allow Continue DIP2:7 No · Yes
DIP settings — MAME set fitegolf
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Language DIP1:1 English · Japanese
Flip Screen DIP1:2 Off · On
Cabinet DIP1:3 Upright · Cocktail
Gameplay DIP1:4 Basic Player · Avid Golfer
Coin A DIP1:5,6 4C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C
Coin B DIP1:7,8 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 4C · 1C 6C
Shot Time DIP2:1 Short (10 sec) · Long (12 sec)
Bonus Holes DIP2:2 More (Par 1,Birdie 2,Eagle 3) · Less (Par 0,Birdie 1,Eagle 2)
Game Mode DIP2:3,4 Demo Sounds Off · Demo Sounds On · Freeze · Infinite Holes (Cheat)
Play Holes DIP2:5,6 2 · 3 · 4 · 5
Allow Continue DIP2:7 No · Yes
DIP settings — MAME set fitegolfu
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Shot Time DIP2:1 Short (12 sec) · Long (15 sec)
DIP settings — MAME set fsoccer
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Cabinet DIP1:1,2 Upright (With VS) · Upright (Without VS) · Cocktail (2 Players) · Cocktail (4 Players)
Version DIP1:3,4 Europe · USA · Japan
Coin A DIP1:5,6 4C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C
Coin B DIP1:7,8 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 4C · 1C 6C
Allow Continue DIP2:1 No · Yes
Flip Screen DIP2:2 Off · On
Game Mode DIP2:3,4 Demo Sound Off · Demo Sound On · Freeze · Win Match Against CPU (Cheat)
Play Time (Type A) DIP2:5,6,7 1:00 · 1:10 · 1:20 · 1:30 · 1:40 · 1:50 · 2:00 · 2:10
DIP settings — MAME set gwar
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Allow Continue DIP1:1 No · Yes
Flip Screen DIP1:2 Off · On
Lives DIP1:4 3 · 5
Coin A DIP1:5,6 4C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C
Coin B DIP1:7,8 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 4C · 1C 6C
Difficulty DIP2:1,2 Easy · Normal · Hard · Hardest
Game Mode DIP2:3,4 Demo Sounds Off · Demo Sounds On · Freeze · Infinite Lives (Cheat)
Bonus Life DIP1:3,DIP2:5,6 30k 60k 60k+ · 40k 80k 80k+ · 50k 100k 100k+ · 30k 60k · 40k 80k · 50k 100k · None
DIP settings — MAME set hal21
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Cabinet DIP1:2 Upright · Cocktail
Lives DIP1:3 3 · 5
Coinage DIP1:4,5,6 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C · 1C 2C · 1C 3C · Free Play
Difficulty DIP2:2,3 Easy · Normal · Hard · Hardest
Game mode DIP2:4,5 Demo Sounds Off · Demo Sounds On · Freeze · Infinite Lives (Cheat)
Flip Screen DIP2:6 Off · On
Allow Continue DIP2:8 No · Yes
Bonus Life DIP2:1,DIP1:7,8 20k 60k 60k+ · 40k 90k 90k+ · 50k 120k 120k+ · 20k 60k · 40k 90k · 50k 120k · None
DIP settings — MAME set ikari
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Allow killing each other DIP1:1 No · Yes
P1 & P2 Fire Buttons DIP1:2 Separate · Common
Lives DIP1:4 3 · 5
Coin A DIP1:5,6 4C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C
Coin B DIP1:7,8 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 4C · 1C 6C
Difficulty DIP2:1,2 Easy · Normal · Hard · Hardest
Game Mode DIP2:3,4 Demo Sounds Off · Demo Sounds On · Freeze · Infinite Lives (Cheat)
Allow Continue DIP2:8 No · Yes
Bonus Life DIP1:3,DIP2:5,6 50k 100k 100k+ · 60k 120k 120k+ · 100k 200k 200k+ · 50k 100k · 60k 120k · 100k 200k · None
DIP settings — MAME set jcross
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Upright Controls DIP1:1 Single · Dual
Cabinet DIP1:2 Upright · Cocktail
Lives DIP1:3 3 · 5
Coinage DIP1:4,5,6 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C · 1C 2C · 1C 3C · Free Play
Difficulty DIP2:2,3 Easy · Normal · Hard · Hardest
Game mode DIP2:4,5 Demo Sounds Off · Demo Sounds On · Freeze · Infinite Lives (Cheat)
Flip Screen DIP2:6 Off · On
No BG Collision (Cheat) DIP2:8 Off · On
Bonus Life DIP2:1,DIP1:7,8 20k 60k 40k+ · 40k 120k 80k+ · 60k 160k 100k+ · 20k · 40k · 60k · None
DIP settings — MAME set madcrash
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Cabinet DIP1:2 Upright · Cocktail
Lives DIP1:3 3 · 5
Coinage DIP1:4,5,6 5C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C · 1C 2C · 1C 3C · Free Play
Bonus Life DIP1:7,8 20000 60000 · 40000 90000 · 50000 120000 · None
Bonus Life Occurrence DIP2:1 1st, 2nd, then every 2nd · 1st and 2nd only
Scroll Speed DIP2:2,3 Slow · Normal · Fast · Faster
Game mode DIP2:4,5 Demo Sounds Off · Demo Sounds On · Freeze · Infinite Lives (Cheat)
Flip Screen DIP2:6 Off · On
Difficulty DIP2:7 Easy · Hard
DIP settings — MAME set marvins
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Lives DIP1:1,2 1 · 2 · 3 · 5
Infinite Lives (Cheat) DIP1:3 Off · On
Coinage DIP1:4,5,6 5C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C · 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 5C · 1C 6C
Free Play DIP1:7 Off · On
Freeze DIP1:8 Off · On
1st Bonus Life DIP2:1,2,3 10000 · 20000 · 30000 · 40000 · 50000 · 60000 · 70000 · 80000
2nd Bonus Life DIP2:4,5 1st bonus*2 · 1st bonus3 · 1st bonus4 · None
Demo Sounds DIP2:6 Off · On
Cabinet DIP2:7 Upright · Cocktail
Flip Screen DIP2:8 Off · On
DIP settings — MAME set psychos
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Flip Screen DIP1:2 Off · On
Lives DIP1:4 3 · 5
Coin A DIP1:5,6 4C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C
Coin B DIP1:7,8 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 4C · 1C 6C
Difficulty DIP2:1,2 Easy · Normal · Hard · Hardest
Demo Sounds DIP2:3 Off · On
Freeze DIP2:4 Off · On
Allow Continue DIP2:7 No · Yes
Bonus Life DIP1:3,DIP2:5,6 50k 100k 100k+ · 60k 120k 120k+ · 100k 200k 200k+ · 50k · 60k · 100k · None
DIP settings — MAME set sgladiat
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Cabinet DIP1:2 Upright · Cocktail
Lives DIP1:3 3 · 5
Coinage DIP1:4,5,6 5C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C · 1C 2C · 1C 3C · Free Play
Time DIP2:2 More · Less
Game Mode DIP2:4,5 Demo Sounds Off · Demo Sounds On · Freeze · Infinite Lives (Cheat)
Flip Screen DIP2:6 Off · On
No Opponents (Cheat) DIP2:8 Off · On
Bonus Life DIP2:1,DIP1:7,8 20k 60k 60k+ · 40k 90k 90k+ · 50k 120k 120k+ · 20k 60k · 40k 90k · 50k 120k · None
DIP settings — MAME set tdfever
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Allow Continue DIP1:1 No · Yes
Cabinet DIP1:2 2 Player Upright · 4 Player Cocktail
1st Down Bonus Time DIP1:3,4 Every 1st Down · Every 4 1st Downs · Every 6 1st Downs · Every 8 1st Downs
Coin A DIP1:5,6 4C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C
Coin B DIP1:7,8 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 4C · 1C 6C
Difficulty DIP2:1,2 Easy · Normal · Hard · Hardest
Game Mode DIP2:3,4 Demo Sound Off · Demo Sound On · Freeze · Never Finish (Cheat)
Play Time (Type A) DIP2:5,6,7 1:00 · 1:10 · 1:20 · 1:30 · 1:40 · 1:50 · 2:00 · 2:10
Flip Screen DIP2:8 Off · On
DIP settings — MAME set tnk3
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
No BG Collision (Cheat) DIP1:1 Off · On
Cabinet DIP1:2 Upright · Cocktail
Lives DIP1:3 3 · 5
Coinage DIP1:4,5,6 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C · 1C 2C · 1C 3C · Free Play
Difficulty DIP2:2,3 Easy · Normal · Hard · Hardest
Game Mode DIP2:4,5 Demo Sounds Off · Demo Sounds On · Freeze · Infinite Lives (Cheat)
Flip Screen DIP2:6 Off · On
Allow Continue DIP2:8 No · 5 Times
Bonus Life DIP2:1,DIP1:7,8 20k 60k 60k+ · 40k 90k 90k+ · 50k 120k 120k+ · 20k 60k · 40k 90k · 50k 120k · None
DIP settings — MAME set vangrd2
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Coinage DIP1:1,2,3 6C 1C · 5C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C · 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 5C
Bonus Life DIP1:4,5,6 30000 · 40000 · 50000 · 60000 · 70000 · 80000 · 90000 · 100000
Lives DIP1:7,8 1 · 2 · 3 · 5
Demo Sounds DIP2:1 Off · On
Freeze DIP2:2 Off · On
Cabinet DIP2:3 Upright · Cocktail
Language DIP2:4 English · Japanese
Bonus Life Occurrence DIP2:5 Every bonus · Bonus only
Infinite Lives (Cheat) DIP2:6 Off · On
Free Play DIP2:7 Off · On
Flip Screen DIP2:8 Off · On
DIP settings — MAME set victroad
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Kill friend & walk everywhere (Cheat) DIP1:1 No · Yes
P1 & P2 Fire Buttons DIP1:2 Separate · Common
Lives DIP1:4 3 · 5
Coin A DIP1:5,6 4C 1C · 3C 1C · 2C 1C · 1C 1C
Coin B DIP1:7,8 1C 2C · 1C 3C · 1C 4C · 1C 6C
Difficulty DIP2:1,2 Easy · Normal · Hard · Hardest
Game Mode DIP2:3,4 Demo Sounds Off · Demo Sounds On · Freeze · Infinite Lives (Cheat)
Allow Continue DIP2:7 No · Yes
Credits Buy Lives During Play DIP2:8 No · Yes
Bonus Life DIP1:3,DIP2:5,6 50k 100k 100k+ · 60k 120k 120k+ · 100k 200k 200k+ · 50k 100k · 60k 120k · 100k 200k · None
DIP settings — MAME set worldwar
Setting Position Options (default in bold)
Allow Continue DIP1:1 No · Yes
Bonus Life DIP1:3,DIP2:5,6 50k 100k 100k+ · 80k 160k 160k+ · 100k 200k 200k+ · 50k 100k · 80k 160k · 100k 200k · None

Check against your own board

These settings apply to the game and revision described by MAME. One title may have several DIP sets depending on region or revision, and some systems use soft-dips (settings in memory, via the test menu) rather than physical switches. In case of a discrepancy, the board's silkscreen and the test menu are authoritative.

See also: DIP reference · game manuals

Emulation & FPGA

  • Emulation: MAME (snk/snk.cpp, snk68.cpp, snk6502.cpp).
  • FPGA / MiSTer: cores available for several titles (Ikari Warriors…).

EPROM repair

68000 + Z80 program. Ex. (MAME snk/snk.cpp): Ikari Warriors / Victory Road / Guerrilla War / Bermuda Triangle = 27C512 · TNK III = 3× 27128 · Athena = 27128 / 27C256. MCU (protection) on many.

Lineage

Precedes the Neo-Geo MVS (1990) and the Neo-Geo AES. The 3D Hyper Neo Geo 64 is covered on the converts side.

Photos / assets

(To add: Ikari Warriors board, rotary joystick, SNK 68000 board.)

Sources & attribution

Review & corrections

How this space is used

Spotted a wrong value, an outdated procedure, a chip reference that does not match your board? Say so here, with what you observed (model, board revision, serial number, measurement). Every report is cross-checked against a source before anything changes — an unverifiable correction is published as “reported by …, not cross-checked” rather than silently applied.

Reading is open to everyone; posting requires signing in with Discord. Reports from the wiki's declared reviewers are handled first; anyone else's are read too, but go through a human before anything is changed.